![]() ![]() It is the processes by which C is removed from the atmosphere and stored in the sinks like ocean, forest and crops, soils and geologic formations. It is a truly win-win strategy which restores degraded soils, enhances biomass production, purifies surface and ground waters and reduces C from the atmospheric ( Table 1). The global potential of CS through agroforestry and CT is around 0.9 ± 0.3 Pg C year −1 offsetting 25–75% of the annual C emissions. Agricultural practices like CT is effective in in enhancing CS. Agroforestry systems are important C sinks but intensively managed agroforestry practice in combination with annual crops is like conventional agriculture which does not contribute in CS. Another advantage of agroforestry is soil property enhancement which also enhances the CS in plants and soils. For small land holdings, CS potential ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 Mg C ha −1 yr. Carbon sequestration (CS) potential by agroforestry is estimated up to 9, 21, 50, and 63 Mg C ha −1 in semiarid, sub-humid, humid and temperate regions, respectively. Maximum rates of CS during the early stage of perennial trees is 100gCm −2yr −1 while average rates are like forests and grasslands, that is, 33.8 and 33.2gCm −2y −1, respectively. This accumulation reverses C losses from soils when these lands are converted to perennial vegetation. When agricultural waste lands are vegetated, C is increased in them and can accumulate SOM in them. Application of organic amendments and N fertilizer incurs C emissions to the atmosphere, which must be deducted by increasing SOM. Application of manures is important for maintaining agricultural soil health. Conversely, if increasing crop yields lead to land abandonment, the overall C savings from changes in management will be greater than when soil CS alone is considered. It will only happen when crop demand remains the same and additional lands are brought into production. It is presumed that if we change the management practice, it will result in decreased crop yields but the net C flux can be greater under the new system. Changes in agricultural practice and managements can also result in enhanced CS in them. Overall, the agriculture sector has a great potential for CS in the soil as well as in crop plants. So, based on the Earth’s total suitable area for crop production, which is 585–1215 × 10 6 ha, a total of 1.1–2.2 Pg C can be sequestered in the agricultural soils in the next 50 years. ![]() The CS potential of agroforestry systems is estimated between 12 and 228 Mg ha −1. ![]() It has received widespread credit due to its advantages of helping in agricultural sustainability CC mitigation. From soils, agricultural soils are thought to be a major sink and can sequester more and more quantities of C if we adopt agroforestry. ![]() Atmospheric C removal and storing it in the soils is one of the best options. Agricultural soils have lost two-thirds of the original SOC with a cumulative loss of 30–40 Mg C ha −1. Depletion of SOM has contributed up to 78 ± 12 Pg in the atmosphere. There is an increase in atmospheric C concentration by 31% which is 270 ± 30 Pg since industrial uprising due to the change in land use patterns. ![]()
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